BAMBOO, Sustainability and eco-friendly product

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Introduction

Bamboo is the most important species and introduced in large scale especially sociel forestry in India.It is a best substitute for hardwoods and adsorbs carbondoixide gases and release 35% more oxygen to the atmosphere that is equivalent to hardwood trees.In socal forestry programmes bamboo is grown in the following systems.

Bamboo is important step towords the development of sustainable utilization and renewable resource.There are about 1500 bamboo spiecies in the world.It is the world faster producer for biomass and can be used for anything between production of paper or clothing used for construction. In China, bamboo leaf extract has a long history of food and medical applicationsand have a potential to get remarkable relevance among spectator in global market. Bamboo shoots is an important food source in many Asian countries with Thailand,China and Japan is the biggest consumers.

1. Strip plantation



The plantation along canal,roads,agricultural fields ,protection of community etc.And also offer physical protection of the land resources ,in that they not only conserve topography ,soil,water,air and fertility,aso provide shade and clean surrounding.It also meets the immediate requirments like agricultural population small timber,fuel and fodder.

2. Rehabilition of degraded forest



The report show that total forest area of country is 75 million hectors.The recent satellite imagery shows the dense forest occupies an area of 37.8 million hectors.The remaining area got degraded forset where the density of trees are less than 40% of dense forest.Bamboo has planted on large scale in several states in order to rehabitate dense forest by degraded forest program with an aim to improve soil fertility and thereby productivity.

3. Reclamation of waste lands



This means re-claiming it or use this land for prductive purpose .Wasteland reclamation is the process of turning barren ,sterile waste land to fertile land which is suitable for cultivation and habitation. The land which is suffer various problems like soil erosion,acidity,gully,ravine,landslide,water logging,acidity etc.Government of India implement programme for reclamation of land to improve soil condition ,selection of proper tree species for afforestation and re-vegetation of land is the key way of success in these programmes. Bamboo is appropriate which can be planted on these lands.This species being tolerant of water logging,salinity,alkalinity,soil erosion etc.

4. Agroforestry plantation



Bamboo is a household species and is best friend of farmers. It is a system by which agricultural crops can be grown in association with tree crops.Any agro forestry take in concern we can see that there is a competition for light, space water and nutrients between the tree crop And agricultural crop.So the tree crop is selected should be compatible to the agricultural crop.

5. Community forestry programmes



This programme is based on growing bamboo on public community land contrary to private farms.The department of forest take most of the programmes and take responsibility about planting.The involvment of local community is passive and normally restrictred to the provision of hired labour for planting and an agreement to protect plantation.

It is highly versatile and capable to growing in different type of soil . We can use bamboo for home decoration and domestic purpose.Moreover this products are eco-friendly and sustainable.

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CONTENT

Building with bamboo looks back on ancient traditioon in the regions there the growth of plants are enormous such as South America ,Africa band particlarly in South-East-Asia. It is the oldest construction materials and is used for walls ,roofs ,foundation , reinforcements and decorations. It acts as good earthquake resistance material. The world is facing scarcity about timber consumption in future.Due to urbanisation the people need more timbers. They decided to choose a product which is best substitution wide range of purpose. A product which doesn’t have negative or no impact to environment.The greate advantage of bamboo is that we can utilize all the parts of the plant for a variety of purposes ranging from construction to deodrants and medicines. Bamboos are fast growing plants in the world,due to rhizome-dependent system. Certain species can grow 910 mm within a 24-hour period,at a rate of almost 40 mm an hour(a growth around 1mm every 90 seconds,or 1 inch every 40 minutes ). Bamboo is a pioneering plant it can grown in full sun and tolerates high winds.This is capable of land reclamation damaged by overgrazing or poor farming.

Bamboo is the definite solution for nature,cultivation and maintenance of bamboo is easy in comparison with wood.It grows faster and dense foilage ,will deposite a thick layer of leaf litter covering the ground,and will then start restoring degraded soils and re-establishing a cooler micro-climate.Bamboo roots are fibrous and spread widely.This means that it has the ablity to hold soil and excellent solution for soil erosion. Bamboo has the capacity for very high nitrogen uptake.This makes mitigation of waste water pollution and disposal of effluents. Waste water from manufacturing ,livestock farming and seweage treatment plants can be used to irrigate bamboo crops,thus covering the waste water into useful biomass.

PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO

• Moisture content of bamboo

Bamboo is a hygroscopic material that is it will absorb or expel moisture from or to it’s surroundings untill an equilibrium is reached. Moisture content in bamboo varies according to the properties of surrounding air. Water is held in two ways ,free water which is retained in cell cavities,and bound water which is in cell walls themselves.The moisture content of the clum wall is higher than inner portion compare to outer portion. Bamboo shrinks more than wood.Nodes are very vulnerable during shrinking.It shrinkage 10 to 15% of cross section

• Tensile strength

Tensile strength can be be defined as the resistance offered by an objecting to breaking or splitting under tension.Bamboo and steel are structural materials which is used for construction.The comparative strength of bamboo is higher than steel.Steel had a tensile strength of 23,000 pounds per square inch .Bamboo has a tensile strength of 28,000 pounds per square inch. Bamboo has been used in the construction field for long time ,even before the tensile strength was known. People used to build houses ,furniture ,fences ,etc.with bamboo. Researchers and engineers are looking forward to replacing steel with bamboo due to tensile properties.The use of concrete is costly and cause environmental impact like atmospheric pollution and environmental degradation. The fibers of bamboo run axially,outer zone constitute of highly tensile strength .The tensile stength of these fibers is higher than steel ,but to construct connects which can transfer load axially impossible.

• Fire resistance

Due to the presence of high silicate acid it act as a good resistance towards fire. it is filled up with water ,it can stand a temperature of 400 ℃ while the water cooks inside.

• Elasticity

Bending elasticity module for a typical bamboo species varies in the range of 8.945 to 11.691 MPa the lowest value for green bamboo and the highest value for dry bamboo. Enormous elasticity is very good for building material in earthquake prone zones.It is light weight ,easy transportation and work easily,the use of cranes are not inevitable.

1. Modulus of Elasticity

The distrbution of fibers increases from inside to outside.The E-modulus of cellulose is 70,000 N/mm² and about 50% of the cross-section of the fiber is cellulose and it’s E-modulus is 35,000 N/mm² .The density of the fiber in the cross-section of a bamboo shell various along its thickness.This presents a functionally gradient material ,evolved according to the “stress distribution” in it natural environment.

USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION

• Roofing

Bamboo roofing is an effective and eco-friendly and best alternative to domestic purpose.It looks aesthetic and neat.The property such as flexibility ,strength and termite resistance give prorate for roofing. Ensure sustainable development and are used for future generation.The roofing can be classified as follows:

1. Bamboo trusses
2. Bamboo tile roofing
3. Thatch roofing

It can be used for roofing.The bamboo roofs can be easily displaced and light weight

Trusses

Bamboo truss is a frame made of bamboo poles.Poles connected to each other in a particular form typically in the shape of roof The lightness of bamboo ,vast availability and utilized for building shelter from modular units lends it for post-disaster shelter.

the property of light weight with stength and stiffness.

Bridges

Bamboo bridges are more stronger than cement bridge.But durability of this bridge is less compared to cement bridge.Bamboo is used for construction of bridges like:

1. Footbridges: Simple cross-branced frames with the walkway formed at the crutch.
2. Handcart Bridge:This construction is more elaborate with abutments and pilings.

Scaffoldings

Bamboo scaffolding is a type of scaffolding made from bamboo and is used extensively across the world ,particularly in Hong Kong. It is renowed for its strength ,flexibility and innovative prospect ,and has poved as best alternative for steel.Countries having tropical climate harvest bamboo for this requirment .Moreover, it avoid unnecessary landfill. It can be used for the construction of safe scaffoldings for very tall building because of the relatonship between load bearing capacity and weight. Bamboo scaffolding is more safer than steel scaffolding. Due to it causing less damage than lighter materials. It has proved that it is safer for the region having more prone to earthquake.

Foundation

Bamboo is basically an above ground material. Unless it is treated with preservatives, it will last only 2-3 years underground.

1. Bamboo in direct ground contact.
2. Bamboo on rock or preformed concrete footings
3. Bamboo incorporated in to concrete footing
4. Composite bamboo/concrete columns